Global December 2023 temperatures ranked

Here’s a map that shows the overall rank of December 2023 amongst all the December months since 1960:

Rank of December 2023 monthly mean 2-metre temperature in the period 1960–2023, where rank 1 means that December 2023 was the warmest in the period. The ranking is based on monthly mean temperatures from the ERA5 reanalysis (downloaded from the Copernicus Climate Change Service).

Deep red, orange and yellow colours indicate places where December 2023 was amongst the three warmest years, but note that the other red colours also indicate that December 2023 was high on the list.

I emphasise that the map is based on monthly mean temperatures, which include the temperatures for every day of the month. It also includes nighttime temperatures. A map based on average daily maximum temperatures might look different.

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